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Free Pacifist2/26/2024 Rather than discussing all of them in a short article, for the sake of brevity, let’s focus on deontological and consequentialist pacifism, which are philosophically the most fundamental and can underlie many other distinctions. Philosophers speak of the existence of various types of pacifism (see Fiala 2018). The main types of pacifism: deontological and consequentialist In addition, by focusing on positive peace, we would inevitably push non-violence, the cornerstone of peace, into the background, which we do not want to do, at least in this article. Of course, that is very difficult to do in a short article, and here we will focus on negative peace. To discuss the concept of positive peace, we would first have to consider many other issues of social and political philosophy, including justice. Such thinkers are employing the concept of positive peace, because they conceive of peace not only as the absence of war and violence, but also as peaceful and harmonious relations, a peaceful state of mind, etc.Īn important problem with the concept of positive peace is that it is very broad and vague. Some religious approaches within Buddhism go even further, asserting that peacefulness is in fact a peaceful state of mind (see Dalai Lama 1999, p. Some pacifist authors, however, think that peace should not be presented only in terms of a negative concept peace also encompasses just, peaceful, and harmonious interpersonal relations (see Galtung 1969, Boersema 2017). It is no accident that “negative pacifists” tend to use negative expressions as slogans, such as “no war,” “no violence,” etc. Pacifism that deploys the concept of negative peace is viewed accordingly as a reaction against war and violence. Negative peace includes opposition to war and non-violence. Although the term peace can be interpreted in many different ways, it is possible to distinguish two main conceptions here: negative peace and positive peace. Therefore, in order to understand what pacifism is, we must first examine the concept of peace. The purpose of the article is to provide the reader with a relatively general overview of the topic from an ethical viewpoint.Īs its name suggests, the main aim of pacifism is to call for and promote peace. Then we will look at some of the criticisms leveled against them and pacifism’s corresponding counterarguments. In this article, first we will consider the pacifist ideas most commonly found in modern philosophical texts from the point of view of (deontological and consequentialist) ethics. (For example, the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament quotes Jesus as saying, “Blessed are the peacemakers…”) In modern times, pacifist views have become quite widespread, both in philosophy and other fields within the humanities, as well as in literature. The first traces of pacifist thought can be found in the texts of Jainism, Taoism, early Christianity, and other ancient religious and philosophical worldviews. As an idea, pacifism has a rather ancient history. To be a pacifist (from the Latin pax “peace” and ficus “making,” “doing”) means to be against war, to be committed to peace.
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